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Here is a compilation of term papers on the ‘Life Processes in Organisms’ for class 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12. Find paragraphs, long and short term papers on the‘Life Processes in Organisms’ especially written for school and college students.
Life Processes in Organisms
Term Paper Contents:
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- Term Paper on Nutrition
- Term Paper on Respiration
- Term Paper on Transportation
- Term Paper on Excretion
1. Term Paper on Nutrition:
Nutrition is a process that helps in transporting the source of energy (food) from outside of an organism to inside. If an organism grows in size, it requires an additional source of energy. Nutrition is a process where an organism is capable of capturing food essential not only for maintaining vital life processes, but also for repair and growth of tissues.
Since life on earth depends on carbon-based molecules, most of these food sources are also carbon-based. Depending on the complexity of these carbon sources, different organisms can use different kinds of nutritional processes.
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Types of nutrition in all organisms are classified into autotrophic and heterotrophic. Nutrition in plants is autotrophic, and photosynthesis is the process that helps producing food.
As the food source is derived from the external environment which is not under the control of the living organism, it is varied. Thus, these sources of energy are broken down or built up in the body in order to create a uniform source of energy. Oxidising-reducing reactions are some of the most common chemical means to break-down molecules. For this, many organisms use oxygen sourced from outside the body.
Digestion in human being is done using the alimentary canal that consists of the mouth, teeth, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine as important organs.
2. Term Paper on Respiration:
The process of acquiring oxygen from outside the body, and using it in the process of break-down of food sources for cellular needs, is called respiration. It is a process where an oxidative breakdown of the organic compound occurs inside living cells releasing small packets of energy. This energy helps in carrying out various metabolic process of the body. Respiration takes place in every living cell, all their life to produce the energy that they require.
The process of respiration involves:
i. External respiration
ii. Internal respiration.
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Internal respiration is classified as aerobic and anaerobic depending upon the availability of oxygen.
In the process of respiration, the air is taken into the body by inhalation (to the lungs) and given out by exhalation. The respiratory tract is divided into upper and lower respiratory tracts.
i. Upper respiratory tract:
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Includes nostrils, nasal cavity, pharynx, epiglottis and larynx.
ii. Lower respiratory tract:
Includes trachea, bronchi, bronchioles and lungs.
Air is moistened, warmed and filtered when it passes through the respiratory tracts. Oxygen from the air is absorbed, and carbon dioxide is released during respiration.
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3. Term Paper on Transportation:
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Plants and animals are the two major classifications of living things. All species need proper functioning of their body processes to survive. Among the most important of the body, processes are the transport system, which enables all other body systems to function smoothly by supplying sufficient nutrients and allows members of the species to go about their normal activities.
Transport in plants is facilitated by xylem (wood) and phloem.Circulation is a process in which blood is transported to the organs of circulation where exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs and oxygenated blood is transported to various parts of the body through arteries and deoxygenated blood is collected through veins.
Animals are more complex creatures and require more food and nutrients because they travel. Nutrients, along with oxygen and water, are necessary for the proper survival of the organism.
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Once nutrients are broken down and absorbed by the digestive system, they need to be distributed to various organs and tissues in the body to replace energy being used. Oxygen is also needed by the animal body for various cellular processes and activities. In an animal, circulatory system is the main transport system in the body and is one of the keys that make all other bodily functions possible.
The circulatory system consists of the heart and blood vessels – arteries, veins and capillaries and the blood. The heart is the pump that pushes the blood to move along the arteries and veins. Blood in the heart is received from lungs which travels through the arteries and carries with it oxygen and nutrients.
This blood distributes nutrients into the organs and cells via thinner blood vessels called the capillaries. Blood comes in contact with organs where it exchanges nutrients for waste products (carbon dioxide and other chemical wastes) and enters in the veins to be eliminated via the organs responsible for proper waste excretion.
4. Term Paper on Excretion:
When chemical reactions use the carbon source and the oxygen for energy generation, by-products are created which are not only useless for the cells of the body, but could even be harmful. These waste by-products are therefore removed from the body and discarded outside by a process called excretion.
Excretion is the process of elimination of waste products produced in metabolism and other materials that are of no use. Excretion is performed by specialized organs acting as filters called as the excretory system.
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The excretory system is concerned with filtering out excess fluid and other substances from the bloodstream. The substances are filtered out from the body in the form of urine. Excretion helps in eliminating the waste products that result from metabolic processes of the body. In plants, waste is minimal and is eliminated primarily by diffusion to the outside environment.
The chief organs of excretion in man includes skin, lungs, kidneys, large intestine, excretory system (kidney, ureters, urethra sand urinary bladder).
Excretion in plants occurs by discarding the waste through; old leaves, xylem, bark, root excretion, central vacuole and salt glands.
