Dyspnoea means difficulty in breathing associated with a sense of distress. It is to be differentiated from hyperpnoea which simply means hyperventilation, as occurs in muscular exercise, and is usually not associated with sense of distress, unless, of course, the exercise very severe. Factors Responsible for Dyspnoea: The factors responsible for dyspnoea may be classified into three categories: i. Alteration [...]
In this article we will discuss about the classification and therapy of anoxia. Anoxia is a condition characterised by inadequate or decreased supply of oxygen to the lungs because of extrinsic reasons. The term 'hypoxia' is more appropriate and is used synonymously with anoxia. Classification of Anoxia: 1. Anoxic Type of Anoxia or Arterial Hypoxia: This type is characterised by [...]
Two separate processes are involved in vocalisation: 1. Phonation 2. Atriculation. Process # 1. Phonation: The whole process is dominated and co-ordinated by speech centre in the cerebral cortex, damage to which will lead to permanent aphasia. Phonation is due to vibration of vocal cords which are folds stretched along the lateral wall of the larynx between thyroid and arytenoid [...]