In this article we will discuss about: 1. Process of Somatic Embryogenesis 2. Embryo Maturation and Synchronisation 3. Cultural Conditions 4. Recurrent Embryogenesis and Mass Production 5. Applications. After fertilization, zygote is transformed into adult status through a series of embryogenic processes. Despite the same genetic constituents, somatic cells on the other hand, do not reorient towards embryo production. However, [...]
The following points highlight the five main enzymes that are to be used in DNA. The enzymes are: 1. Phosphatases 2. Taq Polymerase 3. Nucleases 4. Reverse Transcriptase 5. DNA Ligating Enzyme. Enzyme # 1. Phosphatases: Phosphatases (Alkaline) are glycoproteins with two identical subunits that hydrolytically remove phosphate groups from DNA molecule. Alkaline phosphatases are used to reduce unfeasible ligation [...]
Several possible mechanisms are responsible for the origin of somaclonal variation. Number of processes can operate simultaneously in one culture. The mechanisms are: 1. Karyotypic Change 2. Chromosomal Rearrangement 3. Nucleotide Pool Imbalance 4. Cryptic Transposable Elements 5. Gene Amplification 6. Somatic Gene Rearrangement 7. Somatic Crossing Over. Mechanism # 1. Karyotypic Change: Several plants alter their chromosome number in [...]