Structural organization of chloroplast is signified by the presence of double membrane envelope and soluble phase, the stroma, and an internal membrane system, the thylakoids. Both thylakoid and stromal systems are committed for light reaction and carbon dioxide fixation respectively. Chloroplast attains diversified shapes. Higher plants exhibit lens shaped chloroplasts in their cytosol. The size measures anywhere between 5 and [...]
In this article we will discuss about:- 1. Subject-Matter of Restriction Enzymes 2. Nomenclature of Restriction Enzymes 3. Types 4. Sites 5. Restriction Enzymes Generated Staggered and Blunt Ends 6. Purification. Subject-Matter of Restriction Enzymes: Restriction enzymes, also known as restriction endonucleases, have played a key role in the development of recombinant DNA technology. These have been found in microorganisms [...]
The following are the some of the examples of Somaclonal Variation: 1. Sugarcane 2. Potato 3. Tobacco 4. Rice 5. Barley. 1. Sugarcane: Application of somaclonal variation in crop improvement programme was established in sugarcane. The Hawaian Sugar Planters Association Experimental Station recorded genetic variation among sugarcane plants regenerated from tissue culture. Variations were recorded based on cytogenetic, morphological and [...]