In this article we will discuss about the steps involved in cellular immune response. Host defenses that are mediated by antigen specific T-cells and various non-specific cells of the immune system is called cell mediated immune responses. Cellular immune responses have an activation phase and an effector phase. These phases occur as follows (Fig. 10.2): 1. A viral protein made [...]
In this article we will discuss about the primary and secondary lymphoid organs. Primary Lymphoid Organs: In primary lymphoid organs, immature lymphocytes differentiate to mature ones into an antigen sensitive lymphocytes and after maturation, lymphocytes migrate to secondary lymphoid organs. These are of two types: (a) Bone marrow (b) Thymus (a) Bone Marrow: It is the main lymphoid organ, where [...]
In this article we will discuss about the structure of an antibody molecule with the help of a suitable diagram. Also learn about its types. Antibody is a type of protein molecule produced by B-lymphocytes in response to pathogens. T-cells do not secrete antibodies directly however, they help B-cells to produce them. Each antibody molecule has four peptide chains. Out [...]