The following points highlight the four main types of lichen thallus. The types are: 1. Crustose (Crustaceous) Lichens 2. Foliose (Foliaceous) Lichens 3. Fruticose Lichens 4. Squamulose Lichens. Type # 1. Crustose (Crustaceous) Lichens: The thallus is of insignificant size. It is flat, thin usually without any distinct lobes. It is just like a thin layer or crust closely attached [...]
In this article we will discuss about the life cycle of ustilago with the help of suitable diagrams. Mycelium of Ustilago: According to the nuclear behaviour, the mycelium of Ustilago passes through two distinct stages of development. These are the primary and secondary mycelia. The primary mycelium consists of hyaline, slender, septate hyphae with a single haploid(n) nucleus in each [...]
In this article we will discuss about the life cycle and the spore stage of rust fungi. Some of the rusts need two different unrelated hosts to complete their life cycles. These are known as Heteroecious (Hetero = different; cion = Home) rusts and the phenomenon exhibited by them is called Heteroecism. An example of heteroecious rust is Puccinia graminis [...]