The following points highlight the four main types of lichen thallus. The types are: 1. Crustose (Crustaceous) Lichens 2. Foliose (Foliaceous) Lichens 3. Fruticose Lichens 4. Squamulose Lichens. Type # 1. Crustose (Crustaceous) Lichens: The thallus is of insignificant size. It is flat, thin usually without any distinct lobes. It is just like a thin layer or crust closely attached [...]
In this article we will discuss about the life cycle and the spore stage of rust fungi. Some of the rusts need two different unrelated hosts to complete their life cycles. These are known as Heteroecious (Hetero = different; cion = Home) rusts and the phenomenon exhibited by them is called Heteroecism. An example of heteroecious rust is Puccinia graminis [...]
In this article we will discuss about the life cycle of puccinia graminis with the help of suitable diagrams. Dikaryophase in the Life Cycle of Puccinia: This phase in the life cycle of Puccinia is confined to the primary host which is wheat. It consists of dikaryotic mycelium and two spore stages, uredineal and telial. 1. Dikaryotic Mycelium: It is [...]