The following points highlight the four main stages involved in synthesis of RNA. The stages are: 1. Binding of RNA Polymerase to DNA 2. Initiation of Transcription 3. Elongation of RNA chain 4. Termination of Transcription. Stage # 1. Binding of RNA polymerase to DNA: RNA polymerase binds to the "promoter site" on the DNA molecule. The promoter site is [...]
The below mentioned article provides a short note on DNA repair synthesis. Several types of damages, such as breakage in DNA strand, alteration of base pairs, cross linking of DNA with DNA or cross linking of DNA with proteins and pyrimidine dimer formation etc., may occur in chromosomes. These damages may be caused by mutagens produced within the cell itself [...]
The following points highlight the four main types of permanently specialized chromosomes. The types are: 1. Nucleolar Chromosomes 2. Sex Chromosomes 3. B Chromosomes 4. Chromosomes with Diffuse or Multiple Centromeric Regions. Permanently Specialized Chromosomes: Type # 1. Nucleolar Chromosomes: The chromosome forming the nucleolus (plural = nucleoli) is called the nucleolar chromosome. Normally one or more chromosomes in the [...]