In this article we will discuss about the layers of the spore and pollen wall. Sporoderm stratification (Erdtman's concept): Sporoderm (L. sporodermis), i.e. the spore and pollen wall is composed of distinct layers or subdivisions, the sequence of which is as follows from outside inwards in a fresh pollen grain and spore. Sclerine (Gr. Scleros means hard-Fig. 4.1 A & [...]
LO-analysis is a means to elucidate the details of sexine pattern on the basis of light microscopic observations of a pollen grain and spore at different adjustments of the microscope. The ultra thin section (0.1-0.5 micron thick) and optical section of a pollen grain provide details of sexine. The term optical section refers to the view of a pollen grain [...]
In this article we will discuss about the shoot apex found in the leaf of a plant. The terminal portion of shoot that occurs just above the youngest leaf primordium is designated as shoot apex. The shoot apex is the region of the primary organization of shoots and exhibits indeterminate or unlimited growth. It continuously produces leaf primordia at definite [...]