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Let us learn about Disorders of the Parathyroid Hormone.
Due to Hypo Secretion of PTH:
Tetany:
This disease is caused in man due to hypo secretion of PTH. It is more severe in young than older persons and also severe in pregnant condition.
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The characteristic features of this disease are:
(i) Morphological features:
1. Carpal spasm or Trousseau’s sign is one of the flexion at the wrist or meta-phalangeal joints (Fig. 12.13).
2. Pedal spasm is the flexion at the ankle or metatarsal joints.
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3. Osteoporosis and osteomalacia occur.
4. Dental lesions occur, defects in enamel formation and growth of root.
(ii) Physiological features:
1. Salivation is increased.
2. Increased the rate of excretion of calcium and phosphorus.
3. Causes hypocalcemia by the deficiency of vit. D3.
4. Reduced intestinal uptake of Ca++.
5. Heart rate is increased.
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6. Respiration becomes noisy and rapid due to respiratory muscular spasm.
7. Convulsions are most serious effect.
(iii) Psychological features:
1. Irritability, anxiety and depression occur.
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2. Shows mental retardation.
Due to Hyper Secretion of PTH:
Over secretion of PTH, shows the following clinical features:
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(i) Anatomical features:
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1. General weakness in the body.
2. Bones becomes fragile.
3. Formation of cysts and stones in kidney.
4. Loss of muscular tone.
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(ii) Physiological features:
1. Renal calcium level is increased due to increased glomerular filtration of Ca++.
2. Development of polyuria due to damage of renal tubule.
3. Loss of appetite.
4. Nausea and vomiting occurs.
5. Reduce intestinal Ca++ uptake.
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6. Demineralization of bones.
Special notes:
Laryngismus stridulous:
Due to hypo secretion of PTH, spasm occurs in laryngeal muscles and may cause asphyxia.
