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The term ringworm or ringworms refers to fungal infections that are on the surface of the skin.
The name is derived from the early belief that the infection was due to a worm, which it is not. Ringworm is a fungal infection in the skin.
Nevertheless, the name ringworm remains. Some of these fungi produce round spots on the skin, but many do not.
On the other hand, many rounds, red spots on the skin are not due to a fungal infection. A physical examination of the affected skin, evaluation of skin scrapings under the microscope, and culture tests can help doctors make the appropriate distinctions. A proper diagnosis is essential to successful treatment.
Causes, incidence, and risk factors:
Ringworm is common, especially among elders and children. However, it may affect people of all ages. Many useful and harmful bacteria and fungi live on our body. Ringworm occurs when a type of fungus called tinea grows and multiplies on the skin. Different species of ring worm affect the skin at different places of the body.
1. Beard — Tinea barbae
2. Body— Tinea corporis
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3. Foot Tinea pedis (also called athlete’s foot)
4. Groin area — Tinea cruris (also called jock itch)
5. Scalp Tinea capitis
Ringworm can spread easily from one person to another through body contact and using items contaminated by the fungus, such as combs, unwashed clothing and shower of pool surface. One can also catch ringworm from pets that carry the fungus. Cats are common carriers. The fungus that causes ringworm thrives in warm, moist areas. Ringworm is more likely to infect when is wet (such as from sweating) and from minor injuries of the skin, scalp, or nails.
Symptoms:
Symptoms of ringworm include:
1. Itchy, red, raised, scaly patches that may blister and ooze.
2. The patches tend to have sharply-defined edges.
3. Lied patches are often redder around the outside with normal skin tone in the center. This may look like a ring.
Ringworm affects hair and may cause bald patches. If ringworm affects the nails, they will become discolored, thick, and even crumble.
Signs and Tests:
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The fungus often glows when the infected skin is examined with a blue light (called a Wood’s lamp) in a dark room.
Doctors do the following tests to confirm the diagnosis of Ring worm:
(1) KOH exam
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(2) Skin biopsy
(3) Skin culture
Treatment:
To take care for ringworm:
1. Keep the skin clean and dry.
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2. Apply over-the-counter antifungal or drying powders, lotions, or creams that contain miconazole, clotrimazole, or similar ingredients.
3. Don’t wear clothing that rubs against and irritates the area.
4. Wash bed sheets and nightclothes every day during infection.
Medicines like ketoconazole, which are stronger than over-the-counter products may be needed in severe cases. Antibiotics may be required to treat skin infections from strep or staph that are caused by scratching the area.
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Infected pets also should be treated.
Prevention:
To prevent ringworm:
1. Keep the skin and feet clean and dry.
2. Shampoo regularly, especially after haircuts.
3. Do not share clothing, towels, hairbrushes, combs, headgear, or other personal care items. (Such items should be thoroughly cleaned and dried after use).
4. Wear sandals or shoes at gyms, lockers, and pools.
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5. Avoid touching pets with bald spots.
