By the use of pesticides and fertilisers used in agricultural fields which contains oxide of nitrogen and ammonia which get mix with soil during rain which increases the acidic pH of the soil it leads to the decrease in fertlity of the soil
If classified broadly, pollution is caused by two ways, natural and anthropogenic.Naturally, the soil on sea shore is polluted due to saline water, the soil is de-nutrified by flooding caused by excess rain or acid rain and etc.
Anthropogenic causes include a varied source and can be classified as point(whose source can be pinpointed) source and non-point( source cannot be identified) source, for example, use of pesticide, improper disposal of waste, deforestation causes desertification, oil spills, etc.